Skip to main content

12 Vedic Months — Masa

The Hindu lunar year has 12 masa (months) from Chaitra (March–April) through Phalguna (February–March). Each is presided by one of the 12 Adityas, belongs to a ritu (season), and carries its own festival cycle, vrata calendar, and ritual character. The masa system anchors every Hindu festival, fast, and muhurat.

How the Hindu lunar year works

Each masa has two pakshas (fortnights) — shukla paksha (waxing moon, 15 days) and krishna paksha (waning moon, 15 days). A masa runs from one new moon to the next (amanta system, used in South + West India) or one full moon to the next (purnimanta system, used in North India). Every ~3 years an extra adhik masa (intercalary month) is inserted to keep the lunar year aligned with the solar year.

12 Vedic Months (Masa) — Hindu Lunar Calendar | Darshya | Darshya