Parva 12 of 18 · 339 adhyayas
शान्तिपर्व
Book of Peace
Śānti-parva
Setting: Bhishma on the bed of arrows; Yudhishthira at his feet
Central figure: Bhishma as the dying teacher
Parva summary
The longest parva. Yudhishthira, paralysed by guilt over the killings, refuses the throne until Bhishma, still alive on the bed of arrows, teaches him. Bhishma delivers raja-dharma (the duties of kings), apad-dharma (dharma in distress), and moksha-dharma (the path to liberation). Embedded are the Sanat-sujatiya, the Vishnu-sahasranama, the dialogue of the vyadha and the brahmin, and instructions on yoga, sankhya, devotion and karma. The parva is in itself a dharmashastra.
Key episodes
- ●Yudhishthira's refusal of the throne
- ●Bhishma's raja-dharma teaching
- ●Vishnu Sahasranama from Bhishma
- ●Apad-dharma — ethics in extremity
- ●Moksha-dharma section
- ●Vyadha-gita — the butcher's teaching
Central teaching
After the war, govern. Power must learn humility from the dying before it can serve the living.
All parvas
1. Book of the Beginning2. Book of the Assembly Hall3. Book of the Forest4. Book of Virata5. Book of Effort6. Book of Bhishma7. Book of Drona8. Book of Karna9. Book of Shalya10. Book of the Sleeping Warriors11. Book of the Women12. Book of Peace13. Book of Instruction14. Book of the Horse Sacrifice15. Book of the Hermitage16. Book of the Iron Club17. Book of the Great Journey18. Book of the Ascent to Heaven