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Parva 12 of 18 · 339 adhyayas

शान्तिपर्व

Book of Peace

Śānti-parva

Setting: Bhishma on the bed of arrows; Yudhishthira at his feet

Central figure: Bhishma as the dying teacher

Parva summary

The longest parva. Yudhishthira, paralysed by guilt over the killings, refuses the throne until Bhishma, still alive on the bed of arrows, teaches him. Bhishma delivers raja-dharma (the duties of kings), apad-dharma (dharma in distress), and moksha-dharma (the path to liberation). Embedded are the Sanat-sujatiya, the Vishnu-sahasranama, the dialogue of the vyadha and the brahmin, and instructions on yoga, sankhya, devotion and karma. The parva is in itself a dharmashastra.

Key episodes

  • Yudhishthira's refusal of the throne
  • Bhishma's raja-dharma teaching
  • Vishnu Sahasranama from Bhishma
  • Apad-dharma — ethics in extremity
  • Moksha-dharma section
  • Vyadha-gita — the butcher's teaching

Central teaching

After the war, govern. Power must learn humility from the dying before it can serve the living.

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